The walls of the old Beihai Catholic Church are forty-five centimeters thick, braced by heavy exterior buttresses and punctuated by twelve deep arches. When the French missionary Father Yan designed this structure in 1918, he chose the Romanesque style—an architectural language born in medieval Europe, where places of worship frequently doubled as defensive fortresses. In the coastal climate of southern China, that architectural heaviness proved remarkably prescient. The building survived both the harsh local weather and the ideological shifts of the twentieth century.

Originally named the Church of Our Lady of Lourdes, the building anchored a sprawling religious and social complex. Between the late nineteenth century and the mid-1950s, seventeen different priests from France, Switzerland, Ireland, and China lived in the two-story arched rectory just south of the main hall. The church grounds hosted the private Peide Elementary School in the late 1940s, blending the daily routines of local education with the spiritual life of the parish.

The physical structure originally guided visitors through a deliberate spatial progression. Worshippers passed beneath a three-story bell tower to enter the central prayer hall, eventually arriving at the altar, where a relief of Our Lady of Lourdes hung overhead. That spatial journey ends abruptly today. The bell tower was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution. Its absence leaves the entrance sheared off, fundamentally altering the building’s profile. A structure originally designed to draw the eye upward now sits heavy and low against the earth.

Urban development has since swallowed the church’s original context. Modern residential blocks in the Haicheng District crowd the perimeter, fencing the remaining Romanesque arches behind locked gates. The local Catholic congregation relocated to a newly built facility in 1995, leaving the 1918 structure behind.