In the early twentieth century, the expansion of the Chinese Eastern Railway transformed the remote outpost of Ang'angxi into a bustling transit hub. To support the influx of Russian railway workers and their families, administrators constructed a dedicated residential zone north of the tracks. At the heart of this settlement stood the Ang'angxi Middle East Railway Hospital, completed around 1907.

The building reflects the standardized industrial architecture of the era, adapted specifically for the extreme cold of Northeast China. Designed in a distinct L-shape, the brick-and-wood structure features a prominent pitched roof aligned with its main entrance. Inside, large windows maximize natural light, while thick fire walls and built-in fireplaces protected patients from the freezing winter temperatures. This blueprint was replicated in railway towns across the region, bringing modern medical infrastructure to the frontier.

Over the decades, the hospital absorbed the shifting political currents of the region. It operated under Tsarist Russian control, transitioned to Sino-Soviet joint management, and was formally handed over to the Chinese government in 1952. Today, the building remains anchored in its original purpose. Integrated into the Ang'angxi District Second People's Hospital, parts of the historic structure still function as medical laboratories. Following recent restorations along Luoxiya Street, the hospital stands as a quiet survivor of the railway's early days, offering visitors a direct link to the industrial and cultural forces that shaped Qiqihar.